Management Server as a standardized service: The Management Server continues to play a central role in the system, now operating as a standard service while retaining its role as an authorization server. This means that

the Management Server no longer caches or processes logs. Instead, it emits its own logs like any other service should do, aligning with the unified telemetry model and simplifying the overall log pipeline.

Service-centric logging: Clients no longer interact directly with the log pipeline. Instead, they perform actions through their respective services, which are responsible for emitting logs. This shift ensures that logging is han-dled consistently and securely by the backend, aligning with the system’s authorization model and reducing complexity at the client level.

Protocol standardization: All services emit server logs using the OpenTelemetry protocol, ensuring consistency and compatibility across the telemetry pipeline [14].